Bioinformatics Vol. 17 no. 10 2001
Pages 977-987
© 2001 Oxford University Press
Model-based clustering and data transformations for gene expression data
1 Computer Science and Engineering, Box
352350
2 Statistics, Box 354322, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
3 Insightful Corporation, 1700 Westlake
Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Received on April 20, 2001
; accepted on July 6, 2001
Motivation: Clustering is a useful exploratory technique for the analysis of gene expression data. Many different heuristic clustering algorithms have been proposed in this context. Clustering algorithms based on probability models offer a principled alternative to heuristic algorithms. In particular, model-based clustering assumes that the data is generated by a finite mixture of underlying probability distributions such as multivariate normal distributions. The issues of selecting a ‘good’ clustering method and determining the ‘correct’ number of clusters are reduced to model selection problems in the probability framework. Gaussian mixture models have been shown to be a powerful tool for clustering in many applications.
Results: We benchmarked the performance of model-based clustering on several synthetic and real gene expression data sets for which external evaluation criteria were available. The model-based approach has superior performance on our synthetic data sets, consistently selecting the correct model and the number of clusters. On real expression data, the model-based approach produced clusters of quality comparable to a leading heuristic clustering algorithm, but with the key advantage of suggesting the number of clusters and an appropriate model. We also explored the validity of the Gaussian mixture assumption on different transformations of real data. We also assessed the degree to which these real gene expression data sets fit multivariate Gaussian distributions both before and after subjecting them to commonly used data transformations. Suitably chosen transformations seem to result in reasonable fits.
Availability: MCLUST is available at http://www.stat.washington.edu/fraley/mclust. The software for the diagonal model is under development.
Contact: kayee{at}cs.washington.edu
Supplementary information: http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/kayee/model
* To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
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